While approximately two-thirds of children with D+HUS require short term dialysis, most regain kidney function and recover fully.An estimated 10% of the global population is affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD), a progressive condition that can lead to kidney failure if left untreated. However, with timely and appropriate treatment, the survival rate in D+HUS is significantly high. Death is usually linked to a non-renal-related problem. Complications can be severe, including chronic kidney failure, heart problems, strokes and coma. It is estimated that D+HUS affects about two in every 100,000 people per year, with peak outbreaks between the months of June and September. Kitchen rules should include keeping cooking utensils and surfaces clean, cooking meat well enough to destroy viable bacteria, washing fruits and vegetables under running water, and drinking milk, juice or cider that is pasteurized. Prevention is therefore based on good personal hygiene, including frequent and thorough hand washing. Having close contact with ill people in a day care or nursing home setting.Swimming in contaminated pools or lakes.Eating contaminated fruits and vegetables.Other ways of contracting the disease include: coli strain producing shiga toxin is found in 1 percent of healthy cattle and their meat may become contaminated during processing. Dialysis to filter excess fluid and wastes from the blood until the kidneys recover.Plasma exchange to remove the shiga toxin from blood.Platelet transfusion to help the blood clot normally.Normalization of blood pressure with standard medications.Replacement of fluids and electrolytes lost with diarrhea and vomiting.Treatment may include some or all of the following: coli in stool samplesĭue to its severity, HUS is usually treated in the hospital. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine due to decreased kidney function.Fragmented or deformed RBCs seen under a microscope.The hemoglobin, a measurement of RBCs, is typically below 8 g/dL (normal range for children is 11-16 g/dL and 12-18 g/dL in adults).Here are some things a physician looks for when identifying this condition: Small unexplained bruises on, or bleeding from, the nose and mouthĪlong with a physical exam, laboratory tests are used to diagnose HUS.If a gastrointestinal infection after several days of diarrhea progresses to HUS, signs and symptoms may include: Signs and symptoms of hemolytic uremic syndrome Finally, the decrease in blood supply and oxygen to the kidneys causes acute renal failure. The partially obstructed small blood vessels, including those within the kidneys, damage RBCs trying to pass through, causing hemolytic anemia. The large amount of platelets used to promote clotting causes thrombocytopenia in the overall blood supply, with bruising and bleeding elsewhere in the body. This process sets the syndrome in motion. Shiga toxin can also be directly toxic to kidney cells. After entering the bloodstream through the gastrointestinal mucous membranes, shiga toxin can cause damage to the thin layer of cells that line the inside of small blood vessels causing them to clot. coli, however, are not normal in the human gut and release a poisonous substance that causes diarrhea, intestinal bleeding and damage to the bowel walls. coli strain is harmless and normally present in the gut of humans and warm-blooded animals. What causes hemolytic uremic syndrome?ĭ+HUS follows a gastrointestinal infection with a strain of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (E. Both sexes and all races are equally affected. Adults older than 60, or those with an impaired immune system, are also at greater risk of developing HUS. D+HUS: Who is affected?ĭ+HUS occurs predominantly in children between the ages of 6 months and 4 years. D-HUS is less common, while D+HUS accounts for 95 percent of all cases. D+HUS is preceded by a gastrointestinal infection and D-HUS has different causes. Acute renal failure– Kidneys suddenly fail and no longer work well enough to keep someone alive without dialysis or a kidney transplant.Thrombocytopenia– An abnormal decrease in blood platelets or thrombocytes (cells that promote blood clotting).Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia– An obstruction in or narrowing of the small blood vessels within the kidneys causing the breakup of red blood cells (RBCs) as they try to pass through.Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) involves three disease processes: By Silvia German, RN, CNN, Education Manager with the DaVita® National Clinical Education Team What is hemolytic uremic syndrome?
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